Patterns and Typologies of Air Power Development Strategies for Airspace Sovereignty: A Systematic Literature Review

Esra Kriahanta Sembiring (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia)
Rudy Agus Gemilang Gultom (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia)
Irdam Ahmad (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia)
Tatar Bonar Silitonga (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia)

JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION

Airspace sovereignty is crucial to national security because airspace control supports deterrence and territorial integrity. This Systematic Literature Review identifies patterns and typologies of air power development strategies using PRISMA 2020 and thematic synthesis of peer-reviewed studies from Scopus and complementary databases. Findings indicate four patterns: capability-driven, technology-centric, diplomacy-oriented, and institutional-governance. These patterns form four typologies: capability-driven, technology-centric, diplomacy-oriented, and hybrid strategies. The study highlights a shift toward integrated and adaptive air power development.