<![CDATA[Self-efficacy is essential for vocational students' academic achievement and readiness for higher education and employment. However, the roles of socioeconomic conditions, family support, and academic resilience in shaping self-efficacy through growth mindset remain insufficiently explored in rural vocational education. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of family economic background, family support, and academic resilience on students' self-efficacy, with growth mindset as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from 322 students across seven private vocational high schools in Ketanggungan District, Brebes Regency, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. Results indicate that family economic background and academic resilience positively and significantly influence both growth mindset and self-efficacy. Conversely, family support has no significant direct effect on either variable. Growth mindset neither significantly predicts self-efficacy nor mediates the relationships examined. The model explains 58.8% of the variance in self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic resources and academic resilience in strengthening students' confidence and inform targeted interventions in rural vocational education]]>
Copyrights © 2026
