ELECTRA : Electrical Engineering Articles
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)

Analisis Respon Transient Pada Self Balancing Mobile Robot Berbasis Kendali PID-Kompensator

Nia Saputri Utami (Institut Teknologi Sumatera)
Khansa Salsabila Suhaimi (Institut Teknologi Sumatera)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2026

Abstract

Abstrak Self Balancing Mobile Robot (SBMR) merupakan sistem dinamis yang bersifat tidak stabil sehingga membutuhkan sistem kendali yang dapat menghasilkan respon sistem cepat dan stabil untuk mempertahankan posisi keseimbangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pengendali Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) dan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kompensator terhadap karakteristik respon transien dan respon steady state SBMR. Model matematis sistem direpresentasikan dalam bentuk fungsi alih dan disimulasikan dengan konfigurasi pengendali PID serta kombinasi PID+lead, PID+lag, serta PID+lead-lag. Parameter respon transien yang dianalisis meliputi rise time, settling time, peak time, maximum overshoot, serta galat keadaan tunak. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pengendali PID menghasilkan respon sistem yang stabil dengan parameter respon transien rise time sebesar 0,01250 detik, settling time 0,21327 detik, peak time 0,03914 detik, dan maximum overshoot sebesar 27,466%. Setelah ditambahkan kompensator lead, performa respon transien mengalami peningkatan dengan rise time menjadi lebih cepat di 0,00502 detik, settling time yang menurun di 0,15520 detik, peak time di 0,0632 detik, dan maximum overshoot yang juga berkurang signifikan hingga menjadi 9,598%. Selain itu, baik pengendali PID maupun PID+lead menghasilakn galat kesalahan tunak sebesar 3,3%. Kombinasi PID dengan kompensator yang lain yaitu PID+lag dan PID+lead lag menghasilkan respon sistem yang berosilasi dengan amplitudo besar sehingga sistem yang semula sudah stabil dengan pengendali PID saja, menjadi tidak stabil. Oleh karena itu, dari ketiga kombinasi yang telah dicoba, pada SMBR ini lebih cocok menggunakan kombinasi PID dan kompensator lead karena efektif dalam meningkatkan kecepatan respon transien dan manjaga kestabilan SBMR. Kata kunci — kompensator lead, kompensator lag, kompensator lead-lag, PID, respon transien, sistem kendali. Abstract A Self balancing mobile robot (SBMR) is an unstable dynamic system that requires a good control strategy to achieve a stable and fast response system while maintaining its equilibrium position. This paper demonstrates modelling dan controlling SBMR using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and Compensators, with an analysis of its transient and steady state response. The mathematical model of system is represented in a transfer function and then simulated using a PID controller and three configurations of PID+lead compensator, PID+lag compensator, and PID+lead-lag compensator. It would analyze transient response characteristic such as rise time, settling time, peak time, and maximum overshoot. It is also analyzing steady state error from steady state response. The simulation results show that PID controller yields a stable system response with a rise time of 0,01250 second, settling time of 0,21327 second, peak time of 0,03914 second, and maximum overshoot 27,466%. The addition of a lead compensator improves the transient response performance by reducing the rise time to 0,00502 second, settling time to 0,15520 second. Meanwhile the peak time slower to 0,0632 second and maximum overshoot is significantly reduced to 9,598%. Furthermore, both the basic PID dan PID+lead yields a stable system with 3,3% steady state error. In contrast, PID+lag and PID+lead-lag reslut in highly oscillatory responses with a large amplitude, causing the system, which is initially stable under PID basic controller, to become unstable. Therefore, among the three compensator, the PID+lead is the most suitable for the SBMR in this study, as it effectively improves the transient response faster while maintaining system stability. Keywords — controll system, lead compensator, lag compensator, lead-lag compensator, PID, transient response.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

electra

Publisher

Subject

Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

Description

Electrical Engineering Articles is scientific journal that publishes articles in the field of Electrical Engineering, Control System and Renewable Energy Application. It is a journal to encourage research publication to research scholars, academicians, professionals and student engaged in their ...