Development of a Trilingual Augmented Reality-Based Picture Storybook to Support Reading Comprehension Among Beginner-Level Adolescent BIPA Learners

Ni Putu Eka Maryani Dewi (Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha)
Kadek Wirahyuni (Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha)
I Made Sutama (Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha)

Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan
Vol 9 No 4 (2026)

Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) learning for beginner adolescent learners faces challenges related to limited vocabulary, difficulties in understanding reading materials, and the availability of reading materials that are not fully suited to learners’ age and language proficiency. This study aims to develop a trilingual Augmented Reality-based picture storybook appropriate for beginner-level adolescent BIPA learners and to examine its validity, practicality, and potential to support reading comprehension. The study employed a research and development method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of four experts, five teachers, and 20 beginner-level adolescent BIPA learners in grades VII-IX at Sekolah Dyana. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, expert assessments, and pretest and posttest, and were then analyzed using Aiken’s V, paired-sample t-test, and effect size. The results showed that the product was valid based on assessments by content experts (mean Aiken’s V = 0,906) and media experts (mean Aiken’s V = 0,761), and highly practical based on teacher assessments (mean score = 53,80) and learner assessments (mean score = 54,25). The paired-sample t-test results showed a significant difference between reading comprehension scores before and after the use of the product (t = 5,687; df = 19; p < 0,001), with the mean score increasing by 10,35 points and an effect size of 1,27. The picture storybook combines Indonesian, English, and Balinese with illustrations, three-dimensional objects, audio, animations, and interactive quizzes to provide visual, verbal, and interactive support in understanding reading materials. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential of a trilingual Augmented Reality-based picture storybook as BIPA reading material appropriate to the linguistic needs, age characteristics, and cultural environment of beginner-level adolescent learners.