<![CDATA[Validity is a fundamental issue in academic research, particularly in business and management, and often explains practitioners’ reluctance to adopt scholarly findings. This article reviews two major paradigms of validity: the discrete view and the unified view. The discrete view treats validity as separate types—such as content, criterion, construct, predictive, convergent, and discriminant—each requiring independent testing. While this approach enriches methodological detail, it often leads to fragmented conclusions, contradictions, and limited practical relevance. In contrast, the unified view, advanced by Messick (1989), Brown (2010), Kane (2016), and formalized by AERA–APA–NCME (2014), conceptualizes validity as a single construct supported by integrated evidence. By synthesizing classical and contemporary literature, this study argues that the unified view provides clearer, more consistent, and more applicable conclusions for practitioners. The article contributes by bridging theoretical debates with managerial practice, offering a comprehensive framework that enhances the credibility and adoption of academic research in business decision-making.]]>
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