<![CDATA[Oral ulcer are lesion involving epithelial damage beyond the basement membrane and commonly accompanied by pain and a burning sensation. Oral ulcers may result from various local and systemic factors, including trauma, nutritional deficiencies, immune-mediated conditions, malignancy, infections, and alterations in the oral microbial environment. A 37-year-old factory worker presented with pain on swallowing and persistent ulcers on the throat and left lower lip for four months. Clinical examination revealed an ulcer on the left uvula measuring 12×6mm and another on the left lower lip measuring 8×15mm, with a yellowish-white base, irregular borders, and erythematous margins. Microbiological examination using a swab and Gram staining showed Gram-positive cocci and bacilli. Based on the microbiological findings, the clinical diagnosis was chronic persistent oral ulceration with bacterial involvement. Treatment consisted of amoxicillin, methylprednisolone, Aloe Vera gel, and antiseptic mouthwash. The ulcers healed at the second follow-up on day 10. These findings raised the possibility that alterations in the oral microbial environment may have contributed to the persistence of the oral ulcer. Alterations in the oral microbial environment should be considered in chronic oral ulcers. Clinical and microbiological assessment supports appropriate therapy and recurrence prevention through education regarding occupational risk factors, oral hygiene, and lifestyle.]]>
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