<![CDATA[Illicit drug trafficking is classified under Indonesia’s legal system as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary measures, including the recovery and forfeiture of assets derived from such offenses. However, the existing forfeiture framework remains predominantly dependent on criminal proceedings and final court judgments, which may create challenges in securing assets that are vulnerable to transfer, concealment, or disguise during the legal process. This study examines the current model of asset forfeiture derived from illicit drug trafficking and develops an integrated model for its future implementation. Employing normative and descriptive legal research, the study analyzes secondary legal materials supported by primary data through qualitative analysis and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that the existing framework remains primarily conviction-based, limiting the effectiveness of asset recovery when criminal assets are transferred or concealed before forfeiture can be executed. The study proposes an integrated forfeiture model based on the dimensions of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. Legal substance requires a comprehensive and general legal framework governing the forfeiture of assets derived from criminal offenses, including mechanisms that enable effective asset recovery while maintaining due process and legal protection. Legal structure requires coordinated procedures among the relevant components of the criminal justice system for tracing, securing, managing, and recovering criminal assets. Legal culture requires institutional harmonization and strengthened international cooperation to facilitate cross-border asset tracing and recovery. The proposed model contributes to the development of a more integrated and asset-oriented framework for combating illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia. ]]>
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