<![CDATA[Abstract. Revalitha AA, Mukarromah AN, Dzihni A, Zen HM, Dewi R, Dianti, Sugiyarto, Indrawan M, Setyawan AD. 2026. Bird community structure across contrasting habitat-elevation settings in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270628. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270628. Bird communities in tropical uplands reflect both elevation and land use, but these drivers cannot be separated when each site represents a different habitat. This study compared bird assemblages at an upper-montane tourism-agriculture landscape (Sikunir; 2,270 m asl), a mid-elevation agricultural mosaic (Blederan; 973 m asl), and lower-elevation agroforestry (Karangsambung; 655 m asl) in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. Five fixed-radius points were surveyed per station during repeated morning and afternoon observations in October 2024. The station-level encounter-count matrix was reconciled before calculating richness, Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness, Simpson dominance, Sørensen similarity, and feeding-guild proportions. The survey recorded 514 bird detections of 43 species from 21 families and 9 orders. Recalculated richness was 28, 34, and 35 species at S1-S3, whereas cumulative detection counts were 151, 251, and 113. Agroforestry had the highest Shannon diversity (3.290) and evenness (0.925) and the lowest dominance (0.047). Pairwise Sørensen similarity ranged from 0.710 to 0.812. Insectivores dominated all stations (73.6-87.3% of detections); granivores and omnivores were most prominent in the agricultural mosaic, whereas nectarivores reached their largest proportion in agroforestry. Three endemic species were recorded: Halcyon cyanoventris (Java–Bali endemic), Centropus nigrorufus (Java endemic), and Dicaeum trochileum (Indonesian endemic). Two conservation-priority taxa were also recorded, namely Centropus nigrorufus (VU) and Aerodramus vulcanorum (NT). The results distinguish an agriculturally productive mosaic with high detection totals from a more equitable agroforestry assemblage. Because only three unreplicated habitat-elevation settings were sampled and counts were pooled by station, the findings are descriptive rather than causal. Maintaining montane vegetation patches, riparian and field-margin cover, scattered trees, and multi-strata agroforestry is recommended for landscape-scale bird conservation.]]>
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