<![CDATA[This study aims to develop an augmented reality (AR)-based Vocabulary Builder for eleventh-grade Culinary students at SMK Negeri 9 Padang that presents culinary vocabulary as three-dimensional objects with definitions and links each word to recipe use through exercises and a recipe-completion quiz. A research and development (R&D) design was used, following the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Validity was judged by three experts and analysed with Aiken’s V, practicality was judged by three English teachers and 20 students, and effectiveness was tested with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 30 Grade XI Culinary students in six meetings, using a 40-item vocabulary test. The product was highly valid (V = .91), and both teachers (91.0%) and students (89.0%) rated it very practical. Mean test scores rose from 72.33 (SD = 18.30) to 87.93 (SD = 10.42). Because the scores were not normally distributed, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used, Z = 4.77, p < .001, r = .87, and the normalized gain was medium (g = .56); 29 of the 30 students improved. The findings suggest that the AR Vocabulary Builder is a valid, practical, and promising medium for vocational EFL vocabulary learning, although the one-group design and a ceiling effect at posttest limit causal claims. Further studies should add a control group and a delayed posttest.]]>
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