<![CDATA[Smoking remains a major public health concern, particularly among university students, as it can affect cardiovascular and respiratory physiological responses. This study aimed to compare vital signs and oxygen saturation between light smokers and heavy smokers among engineering students at Jambi University. This research used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach conducted from February to August 2026. The population consisted of 1,713 engineering students, with a total sample of 104 respondents divided equally into light smokers (52) and heavy smokers (52). Data were collected through questionnaires and direct physiological measurements after a 20-meter shuttle run as standardized physical stress. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that heavy smokers had higher mean systolic blood pressure (149.76 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (99.07 mmHg), pulse rate (129.90 bpm), respiratory rate (27.13 breaths/min), and body temperature (37.45°C) compared to light smokers, while oxygen saturation was slightly lower (97.50%). Bivariate analysis indicated significant differences in all physiological variables (p < 0.05). In conclusion, smoking degree significantly affects vital signs and oxygen saturation after physical activity, with heavy smokers showing greater physiological responses and lower oxygen saturation.]]>
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