Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): August

Parenting Styles of Informal Home-Based Workers and Their Impact on the Independence of Children Aged 4-6

Qhori' Choirunnisah Supriyanto (Universitas Negeri Surabaya)
Yes Matheos Lasarus Malaikosa (Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Wulan Patria Saroinsong (Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Sri Widayati (Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Syed Lamsah Syed Chear (Selangor University, Selangor, Malaysia)



Article Info

Publish Date
25 Aug 2026

Abstract

Independence is a crucial aspect of early childhood socio-emotional development; however, some children aged 4–6 years still depend on their parents to complete daily activities. This situation highlights the need for appropriate parenting to support children's independence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the parenting styles of parents working in the home-based informal sector and the independence of children aged 4–6 years. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 49 parents, 25 mothers and 24 fathers with children aged 4–6 years. Data were collected via a Google Forms-based questionnaire, utilizing a Likert scale to measure parenting styles and child independence; validity was tested using Product-Moment correlation, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data analysis involved tests for normality, linearity, and Pearson Product-Moment correlation at a 5% significance level. The results revealed a positive, significant, and very strong relationship between parenting styles and child independence. In conclusion, more optimal parenting styles are associated with increased independence in children aged 4–6 years. Consequently, parents and teachers should reinforce habit-building, assign responsibilities, provide opportunities for decision-making, and communicate effectively to support children's independence.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JIPPG

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

As an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed journal, the scope of this journal is in learning and instruction area which provides a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific researches in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching at Jurnal Ilmiah ...