Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Applications
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Applications

A Delay Differential Equation Model for Nipah Virus Transmission with Vaccination and Hospital Amplification

Onitilo, Sefiu (Unknown)
Adepoju, Julius (Unknown)
Ajani, Abiodun S. (Unknown)
Haruna, Hammed A. (Unknown)
Ayeni, Sheriffat T. (Unknown)
Odetunde, Opeyemi (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2026

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is a deadly zoonosis capable of human-to-human transmission and amplification via hospital settings. In this paper, we formulate a delay differential equations model of NiV with seven states (susceptible, vaccinated, exposed, asymptomatically infected, symptomatically infected, hospitalized, and recovered) considering incubation delay, partial vaccine efficacy, waning immunity, and transmission within hospitals. The basic reproduction number R₀ is calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. If R₀ < 1, then there is global stability of the disease-free equilibrium; and an endemic equilibrium exists uniquely when R₀ > 1. Simulations using parameter values based on outbreaks in Bangladesh and Malaysia reveal that human-to-human transmission outdoes zoonotic spillover, while vaccination rate and efficacy and recovery rate in hospitals emerge as key control parameters.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

ijma

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Education Mathematics Other

Description

The Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Applications is a journal managed by Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, that is published twice a year (in March and September). IJMA is devoted to research articles of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics and its applications, statistics, ...