<![CDATA[False testimony resulting from orders orders given by superiors to subordinates within the police force raises complex legal issues, particularly regarding criminal liability for the superior who issued the order and the subordinate who carried it out. The case of Brigadier J indicates the presence of inconsistent witness testimony, although it was not explicitly ordered by Ferdy Sambo as the superior. This study employs a normative legal approach with a conceptual framework, drawing on the Qur’an, hadith, classical and contemporary fiqh texts, and supported by scholarly articles as secondary legal sources, which were collected through a literature review and analyzed comprehensively. The results of the study indicate that Sambo was the principal perpetrator in the premeditated murder of Brigadier J and can therefore be held fully criminally liable for his role as the mastermind of the murder, for devising a false scenario, and for abusing his authority. The principal perpetrator was aided by accomplices such as Bharada E, Putri Candrawathi, Ricky R, and Kuat Ma’ruf, all of whom were sentenced to takzir. This study can contribute to the development of contemporary Islamic criminal law scholarship and serve as an academic reference for internal police policies aimed at limiting acts of loyaltyt.]]>
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