Orange Peel Waste as Natural Electrolyte for Bio-Batteries: Experimental Evaluation of Energy Storage Performance

I Wayan Suriana (Universitas Pendidikan Nasional)
Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari (Universitas Udayana)
Wayan Gede Ariastina (Universitas Udayana)
I Nyoman Setiawan (Universitas Udayana)

Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): August-October

This study aims to explore the potential of orange peel waste as an alternative electrolyte solution in environmentally friendly bio-battery systems. The significance of this research lies in the use of abundant and often discarded organic materials as active components for energy storage. Orange peel is extracted to obtain citric acid and bioactive compounds, then processed into an electrolyte gel to enhance ionic stability. Experimental methods were used to test the electrolyte performance in a Cu–Zn electrode configuration. The test results showed that the orange peel solution produced a maximum voltage of 0.9 V, while the gel formulation reached 1.0 V with voltage stability for up to 12 hours. The gel form showed better ionic conductivity and durability compared to the liquid solution. These findings confirm the potential of orange peel waste as a sustainable source of bioelectrolyte and support the application of circular economy in energy storage technology.