<![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze the composition, structure, and diversity of tree-level vegetation in the Hukurila Customary Forest, South Leitimur District, Ambon City. The study was conducted from March to April 2026 using the line plot sampling method for tree-level vegetation with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of ≥ 20 cm. The data collected included species identity, number of individuals, tree diameter, and tree height. The data were subsequently analyzed based on density, frequency, dominance, Importance Value Index (IVI), diameter distribution, and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. The results showed that a total of 437 individuals were recorded, comprising 27 species from 17 families. The species with the highest number of individuals was Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), with 104 individuals, followed by Coconut (Cocos nucifera) with 78 individuals, Langsat (Lansium domesticum) with 40 individuals, Durian (Durio zibethinus) with 39 individuals, and Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) with 37 individuals. Clove had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of 53.54%, indicating its prominent role in the vegetation community. The diameter distribution was dominated by the 20–40 cm diameter class, comprising 340 individuals (77.8%), with the number of individuals progressively decreasing in the larger diameter classes. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index was H′ = 2.5194, indicating a moderate level of diversity. Overall, the tree-level vegetation in the Hukurila Customary Forest exhibited moderate species diversity and a stand structure dominated by trees in the 20–40 cm diameter class, reflecting the characteristics of a mixed vegetation system managed under the dusung agroforestry system.]]>
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