<![CDATA[Carbon emissions are a major contributor to environmental damage and global climate change. This article examines the role and effectiveness of environmental law in Indonesia in addressing damage caused by carbon emissions, using an empirical juridical approach. Through legislation such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 concerning the Economic Value of Carbon, it is found that Indonesia has a sufficient legal basis from a normative perspective. However, the case studies of the Suralaya coal-fired power plant and the forest fires in Riau demonstrate that law enforcement remains weak, inconsistent, and often biased against ecological victims. An analysis of expert citations highlights the importance of law as a transformative instrument that not only regulates but also protects and enforces the law. This article recommends law enforcement, criminal sanctions against corporations, and public involvement in oversight as concrete steps towards ecological justice and sustainable development.]]>
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