<![CDATA[Protecting the marine environment from ship pollution is a global challenge regulated through various international legal instruments issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), such as the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWM), the Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), and liability and compensation conventions, such as the Civil Liability Convention (CLC) and the Hazardous and Noxious Substances Convention (HNS). Indonesia, as an archipelagic country with ecologically sensitive waters, such as coral reefs, mangroves, and conservation areas, has a vital interest in integrating these provisions into national law. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of applying IMO instruments to protect the marine environment, particularly in Indonesia's ecologically sensitive waters. The research method uses a juridical-normative and conceptual approach by examining international and national laws and regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, as amended by Law No. 66 of 2024, Government Regulation No. 21 of 2010 concerning Maritime Environmental Protection, and Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The study shows that the ratification and implementation of IMO instruments create legal obligations for the prevention, monitoring, and enforcement of marine pollution. However, there are gaps between IMO standards and national capacity, including limited waste facilities, inter-agency coordination, and the effectiveness of sanctions. This study recommends harmonization of national regulations with IMO standards, strengthening of supervisory capacity, and the establishment of effective compensation mechanisms to ensure the protection of the marine environment in Indonesia's ecologically sensitive waters.]]>
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