<![CDATA[Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refers to a group of Mycobacterium other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae, which are commonly found in air, soil and water. Although most NTM species are non-pathogenic, certain species can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection, particularly in immunocompromised. Diagnosing pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria requires an integrated assessment of clinical manifestations, physical examination, radiology and microbiology or histopathology examination. In extrapulmonary infection, diagnosis involves a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination, microbiology and histopathology examination. Molecular examination may also be employed as an adjunct to confirm the presence of NTM infection. NTM infection may become progressive, therefore require appropriate treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Treatment consists of both pharmacological approaches using combination antibiotic regimens and non-pharmacological such as supportive therapy, surgery and physiotherapy. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of definition, classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and prognosis of NTM infection.]]>
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