<![CDATA[The intensive use of chemical insecticides to control the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda has contributed to the development of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution, necessitating eco-friendly bio-insecticide alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the contact toxicity, antifeedant activity, and repellent of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) based on Annona muricata leaf extract against third-instar S. frugiperda larvae. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting zinc acetate dihydrate with A. muricata leaf extract at pH 11 and 70 °C. The bioactivity was evaluated through contact toxicity assays, antifeedant activity tests (no-choice test), and repellent assays (two-choice test). Physical characteristics of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results demonstrated time-dependent toxicity, with the value decreasing from 1721.60 ppm 24 hours after treatment (HAT) to 1064.28 ppm 72 hours after treatment (HAT). The highest antifeedant activity was achieved at a concentration of 1600 ppm with 84.83% (strong) at 24 HAT, while the maximum repellent rate of 60.00% was obtained at 1600 ppm after 24 hours. PSA characterization revealed a Z-average hydrodynamic size of 208.4 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.624, and a zeta potential of −30.1 mV. In conclusion, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized based A. muricata extract show high potential as bio-insecticidal agent for controlling S. frugiperda pest. ]]>
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