<![CDATA[This study examines and synthesizes the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the photosynthetic performance of various hydroponic crops through a literature review. We analyzed 30 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 to compare the responses of several plant species, including water spinach, mustard greens, lettuce, spinach, and tomato, to variations in temperature and light duration. The synthesis shows that each crop has distinct optimum temperature ranges: water spinach at 27–30°C, mustard greens up to 35°C, lettuce at 15–25°C, spinach at 27–35°C, and tomato at 24–28°C, with higher temperature tolerance under specific conditions. Photoperiod also significantly affects photosynthetic rates, with optimum ranges observed at 10–24 hours of light for water spinach, 14–18 hours for mustard greens, 14–16 hours for lettuce, 12–14 hours for spinach, and 16–20 hours for tomato. Overall, the combination of appropriate temperature and light duration enhances photosynthetic activity and plant productivity. These findings highlight the importance of precise environmental regulation in hydroponic cultivation systems to achieve optimal plant growth and yield.]]>
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