Development and Validation of an Augmented Reality-Based Electronic Worksheet on Chemical Bonding Using Sidimpuan Salak (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) for Higher Education

Heni Mulyani Pohan (Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)
Rr. Eko Susetyarini (Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)
Lud Waluyo (Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)
Atok Miftakhul Hudha (Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)

Proceeding International Collaborative Conference on Multidisciplinary Science
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): June : ICCMS (Proceeding International Collaborative Conference on Multidiscipl

This study was conducted to design and examine the validity and practicality of an electronic worksheet grounded in Augmented Reality (AR) technology for teaching chemical bonding through the local fruit Sidimpuan salak (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) at the university level. The work was motivated by recurring difficulties among students in grasping abstract bonding concepts, the scarcity of interactive resources in chemistry laboratories, and the demand for contextual materials that draw on regional produce. A Research and Development approach guided by the ADDIE framework, comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, was applied. Participants were drawn from the Chemistry and Biology Education programs at Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan (UMTS) and Universitas Islam Negeri Syahada (UIN), Indonesia. Data were gathered using observation sheets, expert validation instruments covering material, media, language, and information technology aspects, needs analysis questionnaires, and practicality questionnaires administered to students and lecturers. Descriptive statistics together with Aiken's V coefficient were used to examine content validity. The findings indicated that the needs assessment confirmed substantial demand for improved visualization and interactive tools (mean score 79.28%, high category); expert review classified the e-worksheet as valid, with an overall Aiken's V of 0.78 (fairly high), the media and information technology components scoring highest (V = 0.84 and V = 0.80) while material and language scored 0.72 and 0.75; revisions addressed image accuracy, Lewis structures, tutorial videos, device requirements, and language consistency; students rated the product very practical (85.4%), led by its perceived benefits (87%); and lecturers rated it practical (77.64%), led by its support for independent learning (96%). Overall, the AR-based e-worksheet is confirmed to be a valid and practical resource for chemistry instruction in higher education.