<![CDATA[Translators might find it a challenge when translating fast paced and spontaneous dialogues, in which literal translation may produce unnatural or contextually inappropriate expressions. Thus, this study investigates the use of translation techniques, particularly modulation, in the subtitles of Netflix docuseries Formula 1: Drive to Survive Season 7. This study aims to identify the types of modulation techniques and to discover the most dominant subtype applied by the translator. By employing a qualitative method, the data were collected from the English Indonesian subtitles provided in the docuseries, focusing on episode 1 and 2. The findings indicate that out of ten strategies, five modulation technique are applied across 38 analyzed data. Explicative modulation is the most dominant technique (47.3%), followed by negative of opposite (26.3%), active for passive (15.7%), reversal of terms (7.8%), and change of symbol (2.6%). The study contributes to translation research by examining how modulation technique is applied in non-fiction audiovisual media to convey implicit and emotionally nuanced expressions in natural-sounding subtitles.]]>
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