<![CDATA[The diversity of religions and beliefs in Indonesia requires criminal law regulation that protects religious freedom while preventing intolerance and religion-based violence. This study aims to analyze the influence of religious and belief diversity on the application of religious criminal law in the Indonesian Criminal Code and to examine the prohibition of intolerance and religion-based violence as a principle for protecting diversity and preventing social conflict. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches, with qualitative analysis through legal interpretation and legal reasoning. The findings show that the new Criminal Code has expanded protection for religion, belief, and religious life, but still presents normative problems concerning the conceptual boundaries of religion, belief, hostility, hatred, and incitement. These conditions may lead to broad interpretation, legal uncertainty, and unequal protection between majority and minority groups.Keywords: religious diversity; intolerance; new Criminal Code]]>
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