<![CDATA[Purpose: This study examines the relationship between Nigeria’s security challenges and the protection of critical economic infrastructure, with emphasis on institutional vulnerabilities, emerging threats, infrastructure resilience and inter-agency coordination.Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative documentary research design, drawing on official government publications, security-sector reports, development-partner assessments and relevant scholarly literature, analyzed through thematic coding across four domains.Results: Infrastructure vulnerability is not solely a consequence of direct attacks but is also produced by weak surveillance, inadequate maintenance, fragmented institutional responsibilities, limited intelligence integration, poor community engagement, cyber vulnerabilities and insufficient risk-based planning, and infrastructure protection cannot be achieved exclusively through kinetic security measures because many risks originate from criminal networks, local grievances, economic incentives and weak governance.Conclusions: Nigeria should move from predominantly reactive infrastructure protection towards preventive risk management, integrated intelligence, resilient infrastructure design, community participation and coordinated institutional responsibility within a whole-of-society framework.Limitations: The study relies on documentary and institutional evidence rather than field-based assessment of specific infrastructure sites, and rapidly evolving security conditions mean that threat patterns may shift before institutional reforms are fully implemented.Contributions: The study contributes an integrated framework linking security governance, infrastructure resilience and economic development, offering a replicable model for infrastructure protection policy in comparable security-affected developing economies.]]>
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