<![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with deep learning in improving elementary school students’ critical thinking skills through a systematic literature review approach. The study analyzed 25 reputable scientific articles indexed in SINTA and Scopus and published between 2021 and 2025. The article selection process followed the PRISMA guidelines, comprising identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that integrating PBL with deep learning consistently improves students’ analytical, evaluative, and problem-solving skills. In addition, this approach promotes more active student engagement and deeper conceptual understanding compared with conventional learning. These findings confirm that PBL based on deep learning is an effective instructional strategy for developing 21st-century skills in elementary education. Therefore, the integration of PBL and deep learning can serve as a relevant approach to fostering critical thinking, meaningful learning, and students’ active participation in the elementary school learning process.]]>
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