<![CDATA[This study presents a comprehensive performance analysis of ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 operating in a star topology, simulated using Network Simulator-3 (NS-3 v3.46.1). Five network configurations—comprising 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 nodes—were evaluated across four Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics: packet loss, end-to-end delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and throughput. A total of 150 per-node observations were collected and subjected to descriptive statistics, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression modeling. ANOVA results confirmed highly significant differences across all node configurations (p < 0.001) for every metric. Pearson correlation revealed strong positive associations between node count and packet loss (r = 0.852) and jitter (r = 0.666), and a strong negative association with PDR (r = −0.852). Linear regression models demonstrated that each additional node increases packet loss by approximately 1.01% and end-to-end delay by 0.30 s. The results indicate that ZigBee in star topology performs adequately for small IoT deployments (≤10 nodes) but degrades significantly beyond 20 nodes due to MAC-layer contention and CSMA/CA backoff collisions. These findings provide empirical benchmarks for ZigBee network designers and IoT system engineers.]]>
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