Paradoks Pengaturan Eksploitasi Seksual dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Nasional

Sintia Aprilia Sari (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung)
Rini Fathonah (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung)
Kasmawati Kasmawati (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung)
Maroni Maroni (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung)
Ade Arif Firmansyah (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung)

JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Vol 11, No 1 (2026): JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum

This research examines the regulation of sexual exploitation within two Indonesian criminal law regimes: Law No. 12 of 2022 (Law on Sexual Violence Crimes) and Law No. 1 of 2023 (National Criminal Code). The primary focus is on legal synchronization and the regulatory paradox arising from conflicting philosophies between victim-oriented special criminal law and codificative general criminal law. Utilizing a normative judicial approach, the study identifies potential disharmony and legal antinomy that trigger legal uncertainty and sentencing disparities. Consequently, the protection of victim rights, including restitution and recovery, faces risks of neglect in law enforcement practices. This research recommends the necessity of harmonizing criminal law policies and reconstructing legal interpretations for law enforcement officials to ensure legal certainty and comprehensive victim protection.