<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the effect of capital adequacy, measured by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), liquidity, measured by the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and operational efficiency, measured by the ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), on profitability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), both partially and simultaneously, at PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk during the 2015–2024 period. The study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from Bank Muamalat’s annual financial statements. The population consists of financial reports for 2015–2024, with a ten-year sample selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, simultaneous F-tests, and the coefficient of determination using SPSS 25. The results show that CAR has no significant effect on ROA, with a t-value of -0.412 and a significance level of 0.695. FDR also has no significant effect on ROA, with a t-value of 1.782 and a significance level of 0.125. In contrast, BOPO has a negative and significant effect on ROA, with a t-value of -2.755 and a significance level of 0.033. Simultaneously, CAR, FDR, and BOPO significantly affect ROA, with an F-value of 7.169 and a significance level of 0.021. The R Square value of 0.782 indicates that these variables explain 78.2% of the variation in ROA, while 21.8% is explained by other factors outside the model. The findings indicate that operational efficiency is the most dominant factor affecting Bank Muamalat’s profitability during the study period.]]>
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