<![CDATA[Financial performance is a crucial indicator of a company’s future sustainability. Thus, inadequate financial outcomes may jeopardize long-term survival, highlighting the importance of examining factors that influence financial performance. This study aims to extend previous research on capital structure by examining its influence on financial performance and testing the moderating role of board gender diversity in this relationship. Using a quantitative causal approach, the population comprises non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample was selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using parametric panel data regression with the assistance of EViews. The results provide empirical evidence that capital structure has no significant effect on financial performance. However, board gender diversity significantly moderates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. This research is important for two main reasons. First, it is the first study in Indonesia to incorporate board gender diversity as a moderating variable in the capital structure and financial performance nexus, thereby clarifying previously inconsistent findings. Second, it contributes to theoretical development by integrating trade-off theory and Upper Echelon theory in the context of non-financial firms in Indonesia]]>
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