<![CDATA[Collaborative troubleshooting of PLC and Arduino systems requires all team members to access consistent input–output (I/O) status information, yet conventional monitoring architectures typically concentrate system visibility on a single programming interface or device. This study identifies the technical requirements for synchronous multi-device IoT monitoring and translates them into an ESP32–MQTT architecture for collaborative troubleshooting. A qualitative multi-case design examined PLC and Arduino project environments, with participants selected through maximum variation purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and cross-case comparison. The findings identified six recurring requirements: integrated I/O visibility, equitable access independent of programming-interface control, objective status reporting, passive monitoring without programming privileges, channel-level status granularity, and rapid accessibility under deadline pressure. These requirements informed an architecture in which an ESP32 acquisition node publishes I/O status through an MQTT broker for simultaneous access via web-based dashboards. The proposed architecture addresses the visibility and information-coordination constraints identified across both learning environments. This study provides an empirically grounded framework for designing synchronous multi-recipient IoT monitoring systems and demonstrates how MQTT-based architectures can support shared technical visibility during collaborative PLC and Arduino troubleshooting.]]>
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