<![CDATA[Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) producing machine components may experience production waste when defective products cannot be recycled; in the observed SME, the defect rate reached 5.31%. This study aimed to identify dominant waste, determine its root causes, and formulate improvement proposals for the turning production process. Data were collected through interviews, direct observation of the production flow, and historical production records, then analyzed using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to compare current and future states and 5 Why’s analysis to trace root causes. The results identified waiting (19%), motion (10%), overprocessing (9%), and defects (6%) as the main wastes. The initial lead time was 9,605.13 seconds (2.67 hours/unit), while the proposed future state reduced it to 6,780.18 seconds (1.88 hours/unit). The root causes included the absence of preparation SOPs, poorly positioned machine parts, insufficient process standards, and limited operator training. The study concludes that targeted standardization, workplace arrangement, and operator development can reduce non-value-added time and support a more efficient turning production flow.Keywords: SMEs, Lean Manufacturing, Value Stream Mapping, 5 Why’s, Waste]]>
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