Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Agama Minoritas di Minahasa

Toar Kamang Ronald Palilingan (Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sam Ratulangi)
Stefan Obadja Voges (Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sam Ratulangi)
Natalia Lana Lengkong (Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sam Ratulangi)

Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis
Vol 7 No 12 (2026): Tema Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia

This article examines the legal recognition and protection of religious minorities in Minahasa through the Jewish community and Lalang Rondor Malesung (LAROMA). Their legal positions are not identical: Judaism falls under general guarantees of religious freedom, while LAROMA is administered within the indigenous-belief framework. Using a socio-legal method, the study combines constitutional and administrative-law analysis with empirical scholarship. The findings show that normative recognition does not always produce equal administrative and social protection. Effective protection requires nondiscriminatory public services, accessible remedies and rights-sensitive local administration.