<![CDATA[Light electric vehicles, particularly electric bicycles, still face challenges related to limited battery capacity and dependence on grid-based charging. Kinetic energy recovery using an alternator can serve as an auxiliary energy source; however, an appropriate control mechanism is required to ensure safe and automatic transitions between charging sources without interrupting the battery charging process. This study aims to design and implement a Smart Switching System for a dual-source battery charging system utilizing an alternator and the electrical grid. The proposed system employs a microcontroller as the main controller to manage the charging source transition based on the availability of each energy source. Experimental evaluation was conducted under several operating scenarios, including charging from the alternator, charging from the grid, and automatic source switching when the charging conditions changed. The results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully performs automatic charging source transitions without interrupting the battery charging process. When the grid power is available, the system prioritizes grid-based charging; otherwise, it automatically switches to the alternator as the charging source. The proposed Smart Switching System improves the reliability and flexibility of dual-source battery charging for electric bicycles.]]>
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