<![CDATA[The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a fundamental turning point in the history of Indonesian law, ending over a century of reliance on the Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Nederlandsc Indië (WvSI) a legacy of the Dutch colonial regime. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the evolution of the legal politics behind the National Criminal Code's formation and to examine the depth of its criminal law decolonization from a legal-historical perspective. The research employs a normative legal research method (doctrinal legal research) utilizing historical, statutory, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that the evolution of the National Criminal Code's legal politics unfolded over nearly six decades, reflecting an ideological transformation from a colonial-positivist legal framework to one grounded in the philosophy of Pancasila. The decolonization of Indonesian criminal law transcends mere formal-juridical replacement of legislation; it encompasses substantial ideological dimensions. This is evidenced by the recognition of the principle of material legality (living law), the paradigm shift in sentencing from retributive justice toward restorative, corrective, and rehabilitative justice, and the reform of the sentencing system through the "double-track system."]]>
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