Sanksi Pidana terhadap Hakim Penerima Suap dalam Perkara Ronald Tannur: Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Pidana Islam

M. Rizal (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang)
Romziatussa'adah Romziatussa'adah (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang)
Adji Hudayatulah (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang)

Journal of Sharia and Legal Science
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Sharia and Legal Science

Digital commerce relies on standard clauses, but formal electronic consent does not by itself ensure contractual justice. This study evaluates the legal position and effectiveness of standard clauses under Indonesian consumer protection law through normative juridical research. The analysis identifies dual-layer validity: electronic consent can form a binding contract, while individual clauses remain subject to Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999, good faith, transparency, proportionality, and mandatory consumer rights. Article 18 is normatively strong but operationally limited because supervision remains reactive, authority fragmented, and remedies uneven. The study contributes an integrated effectiveness framework and a five-stage risk-based model: risk identification, clause screening, corrective amendment, graduated enforcement, and remedial feedback