<![CDATA[The limited availability of interactive learning media in vocational schools can impede students’ comprehension of bench work procedures prior to conducting practical activities. This study sought to develop a Flipbook-based interactive e-module equipped with multimedia elements to enhance Grade X vocational students’ understanding of bench work practice materials. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model and involved 50 Grade X students at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Semarang. Data were obtained from expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, as well as pretest and posttest assessments. The findings demonstrated that the developed e-module met a very high level of validity, as indicated by scores of 87.79% from media experts, 84.90% from material experts, and 89.95% from assessment experts. In terms of practicality, the e-module received scores of 89.38% from teachers and 88.62% from students, indicating a very practical level. The results of the paired sample t-test also revealed a statistically significant increase in students’ understanding (p < 0.05). Moreover, the experimental class obtained an average N-Gain score of 65.23%, which was classified as moderately effective. Overall, the findings suggest that the Flipbook-based interactive e-module is a feasible and innovative digital learning resource that can support the improvement of students’ understanding of bench work practice materials in vocational education]]>
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