<![CDATA[This research analyzes the evolution of substations in the era of renewable energy using a literature review approach. The increasing global demand for electrical energy and the transition from fossil fuel-based energy toward renewable energy have led to changes in the operational characteristics of modern power systems. Substations, which conventionally function as facilities for transforming and distributing electrical energy, are required to adapt to the integration of renewable energy sources, which are characterized by their fluctuating and distributed nature. This study aims to examine the development of substation technologies, analyze the impact of renewable energy integration, and identify the challenges and opportunities for future substation development. The research method employed is a literature review by analyzing scientific journals, conference proceedings, standards, books, and official documents related to substations and renewable energy integration. The results indicate that substations are undergoing a transformation from conventional systems based on Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) toward digital substations characterized by the implementation of automation, intelligent devices, digital communication, and real-time monitoring capabilities. The implementation of technologies such as SCADA, the Internet of Things (IoT), and IEC 61850 can improve operational flexibility, system reliability, and the capability to integrate renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, technical challenges, cybersecurity risks, investment costs, and human resource readiness remain important considerations in the implementation of modern substations.]]>
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