<![CDATA[The phenomenon of Out-of-School Children (ATS) often carries a negative social stigma and is simplistically attributed to individual laziness (voluntary drop-outs). In reality, however, systemic factors forcibly push children out of educational institutions ("push-out factors"). This study aims to analyze the impact of the external environment and family vulnerability on the loss of access to basic education for children in the Banjar Sengon area. A qualitative approach utilizing the case study method was employed. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving three adolescent subjects (aged 16–17) who were out of school and came from diverse vulnerable backgrounds; the data were subsequently analyzed using an interactive model. The findings reveal that the loss of the right to education stems from the simultaneous collapse of two child safety nets. First, the failure of the family, the primary safety net, due to extreme economic crises (such as the death of the breadwinner) or dysfunctional caregiving. Second, the failure of the external environment, the secondary safety net, which instead exacerbated vulnerability through the toleration of school bullying, child labor exploitation, and the normalization of early marriage, often leading to domestic violence. This loss of educational access triggered a domino effect, resulting in the reproduction of destructive new forms of social vulnerability. Consequently, this study recommends alternative educational interventions, specifically Non-Formal Education (PLS) and Community Learning Centers (PKBM), employing an andragogical approach that focuses on psychological recovery and the provision of life skills.]]>
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