<![CDATA[Purpose: to develop and evaluate a qr-code based hybrid simulation learning media called PANN (perdagangan arus niaga nusantara “nusantara trade flow”) for teaching inter-island trade in grade VIII social studies. Method: this study used a research and development (R&D) design with the ADDIE model to develop a qr-code based hybrid learning media (PANN). The study involved 24 grade VIII students and two social studies teachers. Data were collected through validation sheets, questionnaires, and observations, then analyzed descriptively to assess the product’s validity and practicality. Findings: the developed PANN learning media was highly valid and highly practical, with an average validity score of 92.18% and a practicality score of 91.58%. The media were effectively integrated into classroom learning, increasing student engagement through an interactive hybrid simulation that combined physical materials and qr-code based digital content. These findings indicate that PANN is feasible as an innovative learning medium for teaching inter-island trade in grade VIII social studies. Implications: qr-code hybrid simulation media is an effective, practical, and contextually relevant alternative for teaching abstract social studies concepts and supporting student-centered learning in limited digital environments. Originality: lies in the development of a hybrid learning media that integrates physical simulation, local economic context, and qr-code-based digital resources into a single interactive learning system for teaching inter-island trade in junior high school social studies.]]>
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