The Limits of Constitutional Environmentalism: Anti-SLAPP Protection in Indonesian Constitutional Adjudication: Batasan Konstitusionalisme Lingkungan: Perlindungan Anti-SLAPP dalam Ajudikasi Konstitusional Indonesia

Abdi Nauffal Satria Eraffif (Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia)
Febrian Indar Surya Kusuma (Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia)

Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL KAJIAN KONSTITUSI

The increasing use of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP) against environmental defenders demonstrates that Indonesia's legal framework has yet to fully safeguard the constitutional right to a healthy environment. This study examines why Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 has not fully constitutionalized Anti-SLAPP protection and proposes a more substantive reconstruction of such protection. The research employs doctrinal legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case-based constitutional approaches. The findings reveal that the Constitutional Court maintains a formalistic and procedural interpretation, preventing environmental defenders from being fully recognized as constitutional rights holders. This study develops the concept of Constitutional Anti-SLAPP Protection as a doctrinal framework that reconceptualizes Anti-SLAPP from a procedural safeguard into constitutional rights protection. Accordingly, the study recommends reinterpreting the phrase "every person," legislative reform, and a more progressive constitutional approach to strengthen protection for environmental defenders. Meningkatnya praktik Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) terhadap pembela lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum di Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya menjamin hak konstitusional atas lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mengapa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 belum mampu mengkonstitusionalisasikan perlindungan Anti-SLAPP serta merumuskan rekonstruksi perlindungan yang lebih substansial. Penelitian menggunakan metode doctrinal legal research dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analisis konstitusional berbasis putusan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi masih mempertahankan pendekatan formalistik dan prosedural sehingga perlindungan terhadap environmental defenders belum diposisikan sebagai hak konstitusional. Penelitian ini menawarkan konsep Constitutional Anti-SLAPP Protection sebagai kerangka doktrinal yang menempatkan Anti-SLAPP sebagai perlindungan hak konstitusional. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reinterpretasi frasa "setiap orang", reformasi legislasi, dan pendekatan yudisial yang lebih progresif.