<![CDATA[The modernization of pesantren education has become a crucial issue in responding to contemporary educational challenges while preserving pesantren identity and traditions. However, the concept of modernization remains contested, particularly regarding the forms of modernism adopted in Islamic educational reform. Purpose. This study aims to identify the modernization ideas of Azyumardi Azra and Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi and to analyze the differences between their perspectives on pesantren modernization. Method. This study employed a qualitative library research design using the major works of both figures as primary sources and related scholarly writings as secondary sources. Philosophical and comparative approaches were applied to analyze their educational thoughts. Findings. The findings reveal that Azyumardi Azra views modernization as educational development and institutional adaptation to contemporary demands, whereas Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi interprets modernization as tajdid wa ishlah grounded in preserving pesantren values and traditions. These perspectives influence their ideas regarding institutional systems, management, curriculum, and teaching methods, although several common principles are identified. Conclusion. This study concludes that pesantren modernization is shaped by diverse philosophical orientations rather than a single model of reform. Originality. This study provides a comparative philosophical analysis of two influential Indonesian Muslim intellectuals in conceptualizing pesantren modernization.]]>
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