<![CDATA[This Research and Development (R&D) study using the Borg & Gall model is limited to the third stage to design an assessment system integrated with learning to improve students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and learning mastery. Preliminary observations on Fluid mechanics at SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping revealed that school evaluation instruments predominantly measured low-level cognitive aspects (C1-C2), resulting in a classical student mastery rate of only 53%. The needs analysis questionnaire indicated high urgency: 92% of teachers need independent HOTS instruments for Fluid mechanics, 88% require supporting assessments for the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, and 80% of students prefer varied questions based on contextual cases. As a solution, a test instrument containing 30 essay questions covering five sub-materials of static and dynamic fluids was developed based on the six syntaxes of PBL. Validity test results fell into the "Very High" category, with Aiken's V Index values consistently exceeding the 0.80 threshold across content (0.921), construct (0.907), language (0.956), and additional rules (1.000) aspects. It is concluded that this PBL-based HOTS assessment instrument is highly valid and feasible as a reliable alternative evaluation tool to measure and optimize high school students' analysis, evaluation, and creation skills.]]>
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