<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the differences in physical fitness levels between elementary school students living in lowland and highland areas. Physical fitness is a crucial component of children's growth and development and is influenced by environmental factors, including geographical conditions. This study used a comparative quantitative method. The sample consisted of the entire population of fifth-grade students from two elementary schools: 30 students from a lowland area and 30 students from a highland area, totaling 60 students. Data were collected using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), which includes five test items: 40-meter sprint, bent-arm hang, 30-second sit-ups, vertical jump, and 600-meter run. The results showed a significant difference in the physical fitness levels between students in highland and lowland areas. Students from highland areas had higher physical fitness scores, especially in endurance and muscular strength components. The t-test results showed a significance value of (p) < 0.05, indicating that the difference was statistically significant. These findings suggest that geographical environment affects the physical fitness levels of elementary school students. Keywords: physical fitness, highland, lowland, elementary school students, TKJI]]>
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