Journal of Digital Economy and Management Practices
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)

Income, Job Security, and Workload as Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Outsourced Employees

Iqbal Tri Hilmi (Universitas Mercu Buana)
Lucky Nugroho (Universitas Mercu Buana)



Article Info

Publish Date
17 Apr 2026

Abstract

This study examines the effect of income, job security, and workload on job satisfaction among outsourced employees at PT. Kreasi Hexa Indonesia. Job satisfaction is an important factor influencing workforce stability and organizational performance, particularly in outsourcing employment systems. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with a higher-order construct approach through the two-stage method. The evaluation of the model included tests of convergent validity, discriminant validity, construct reliability, coefficient of determination (R²), effect size (f²), predictive relevance (Q²), and hypothesis testing using bootstrapping. The results show that income and job security have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while workload has a negative and significant effect. The findings indicate that fair compensation, employment stability, and balanced workload management play important roles in improving job satisfaction among outsourced employees. This study contributes to the literature by applying a higher-order construct model to analyze multidimensional variables and provides practical insights for improving human resource management practices in outsourcing organizations.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

ijdemp

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

Description

International Journal of Management and Digital Busines (IJMDB) is Open Access journal that aims to publish original research articles, reviews, and reports on the digitalization of business and management, how digital technologies can innovate the business, and what this means for the future of ...