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All Journal Journal of Digital Economy and Management Practices
Iqbal Tri Hilmi
Universitas Mercu Buana
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Income, Job Security, and Workload as Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Outsourced Employees Iqbal Tri Hilmi; Lucky Nugroho
Journal of Digital Economy and Management Practices Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/jdemp.v2i1.570

Abstract

This study examines the effect of income, job security, and workload on job satisfaction among outsourced employees at PT. Kreasi Hexa Indonesia. Job satisfaction is an important factor influencing workforce stability and organizational performance, particularly in outsourcing employment systems. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with a higher-order construct approach through the two-stage method. The evaluation of the model included tests of convergent validity, discriminant validity, construct reliability, coefficient of determination (R²), effect size (f²), predictive relevance (Q²), and hypothesis testing using bootstrapping. The results show that income and job security have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while workload has a negative and significant effect. The findings indicate that fair compensation, employment stability, and balanced workload management play important roles in improving job satisfaction among outsourced employees. This study contributes to the literature by applying a higher-order construct model to analyze multidimensional variables and provides practical insights for improving human resource management practices in outsourcing organizations.
Co-Authors Lucky Nugroho