<![CDATA[Introduction: Islamic boarding schools are congregate settings susceptible to the spread of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), because students live in close proximity. This study aimed to assess preventive behaviours and environmental conditions that may influence the potential for TB transmission in Islamic boarding schools in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional survey included 439 students selected on the basis of TB-related symptoms, contact history, or a combination of these criteria. All 439 students underwent initial screening, and those meeting the prespecified criteria were referred for Xpert MTB/RIF examination. Environmental measurements included temperature, humidity, lighting, occupancy density, ventilation area, and cleanliness. Results: Of the 439 students examined, one (0.2%) tested positive for TB using Xpert MTB/RIF (TCM), while 438 (99.8%) tested negative. Knowledge was significantly associated with prevention behaviour (p = 0.023). In addition, 11.4% of students reported that they did not practise handwashing after travelling or participating in outdoor activities. Environmental conditions were suboptimal. The ventilation area ranged from 9.93% in Boarding School B to 13.33% in Boarding School A, compared with the national standard of 10%–20%. Occupancy density did not meet the applicable national standard. Mean lighting met the standard in both boarding schools, while room cleanliness was inadequate and relative humidity was high. Conclusion: Active TB case finding identified one positive case and highlighted the need to integrate behavioural and environmental prevention measures in Islamic boarding schools.]]>
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