Renal lipid peroxidation and tubular lesions following ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride exposure in rats

Retno Wilujeng (Master Program in Animal Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor)
Eva Harlina (Division of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor)
Rini Madyastuti Purwono (Division of Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor)
Dimas Andrianto (Division of Bioanalysis, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor)

ARSHI Veterinary Letters
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): ARSHI Veterinary Letters - August 2026

Nephrolithiasis-induced renal injury involves crystal deposition and oxidative stress. This study evaluated renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological alterations in rats induced with ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl). Ten male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to a normal control group and an induction group receiving 0.75% EG and 2% NH₄Cl in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days (n = 5 per group). Renal MDA concentrations were quantified via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, and tissue structural changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The induction group exhibited a statistically significant elevation in renal MDA levels (11.12 ± 4.45 nmol/mg wet tissue) compared to controls (5.93 ± 0.61 nmol/mg wet tissue). Histopathological examination revealed intratubular crystal deposition, hyaline cast formation, and tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Co-administration of EG and NH₄Cl effectively establishes a nephrolithiasis model characterized by heightened lipid peroxidation and severe nephron structural damage.