ENGLISH EDUCATION: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING AND RESEARCH
Vol 11 No 2 (2026): English Education

Exploring adjective collocations in Indonesian EFL textbooks:A corpus-based investigation

Kiki Noventri Hermawanto (Universitas Ahmad Dahlan)
Ikmi Nur Oktavianti (Universitas Ahmad Dahlan)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Oct 2026

Abstract

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks are a primary source of language input, yet the collocational patterns they present may differ from authentic usage. This corpus-based study compares adjectives and their collocates in three Indonesian senior high school EFL textbooks published under Kurikulum Merdeka (Grades X–XII; 78,470 tokens) with the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA; approximately one billion words). Collocates were extracted with LancsBox (window L1–R1; minimum frequency of 3; Mutual Information [MI] ≥ 3.0). Frequencies were normalized per million words and compared using log-likelihood and Log Ratio, with COCA serving as a macro-level benchmark. The most frequent textbook adjectives were social (173 occurrences), good (145), online (136), and healthy (126). Of the seven adjectives shared with COCA's 20 most frequent adjectives, social, important, and good were significantly more frequent in the textbooks, new was significantly less frequent, and great, different, and high did not differ significantly. Textbook collocations concentrated on technology, health, and environmental themes and on a small set of collocates per adjective (e.g., social media), whereas COCA collocations included greetings, idioms, and historical and socio-political expressions. The findings describe the collocational input of the textbooks and are discussed in relation to the aims of Kurikulum Merdeka and to materials development.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

inggris

Publisher

Subject

Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

Description

English Education: Journal of English Teaching and Research is a journal that accomodates the teachers, researchers, lecturers, and students who are interested in English Education, Linguistics, and Literature. ...