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All Journal ENGLISH EDUCATION: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING AND RESEARCH
Kiki Noventri Hermawanto
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Exploring adjective collocations in Indonesian EFL textbooks:A corpus-based investigation Kiki Noventri Hermawanto; Ikmi Nur Oktavianti
English Education:Journal of English Teaching and Research Vol 11 No 2 (2026): English Education
Publisher : Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29407/jetar.v11i2.28644

Abstract

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks are a primary source of language input, yet the collocational patterns they present may differ from authentic usage. This corpus-based study compares adjectives and their collocates in three Indonesian senior high school EFL textbooks published under Kurikulum Merdeka (Grades X–XII; 78,470 tokens) with the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA; approximately one billion words). Collocates were extracted with LancsBox (window L1–R1; minimum frequency of 3; Mutual Information [MI] ≥ 3.0). Frequencies were normalized per million words and compared using log-likelihood and Log Ratio, with COCA serving as a macro-level benchmark. The most frequent textbook adjectives were social (173 occurrences), good (145), online (136), and healthy (126). Of the seven adjectives shared with COCA's 20 most frequent adjectives, social, important, and good were significantly more frequent in the textbooks, new was significantly less frequent, and great, different, and high did not differ significantly. Textbook collocations concentrated on technology, health, and environmental themes and on a small set of collocates per adjective (e.g., social media), whereas COCA collocations included greetings, idioms, and historical and socio-political expressions. The findings describe the collocational input of the textbooks and are discussed in relation to the aims of Kurikulum Merdeka and to materials development.
Co-Authors Ikmi Nur Oktavianti