<![CDATA[This study examines the implementation of smart city policies in public service delivery in Banjarmasin and Palangka Raya, Indonesia, focusing on legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and public service experiences. It employs empirical legal research with a comparative approach and mixed methods, combining qualitative analysis of regulations, policy documents, interviews, and observations with quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses. The findings reveal different approaches to policy institutionalization. Banjarmasin has an explicit legal framework through its Smart City Masterplan, while Palangka Raya develops digital governance primarily through Electronic-Based Government Systems (SPBE), planning documents, and sectoral initiatives. However, the comparative statistical test found no significant difference in the measured implementation of smart city public policies between the two cities. Survey responses indicate that residents have encountered and used digital public services and perceived benefits from digitalization. Nevertheless, challenges remain concerning infrastructure adequacy, network maintenance, human resource capacity, digital literacy, and inter-agency coordination. The study highlights that smart city development should extend beyond digital application expansion toward integrated public service governance. This requires stronger institutional coordination, system interoperability, sustainable infrastructure management, personal data protection, and meaningful public participation. Aligning legal and institutional frameworks with practical service delivery is essential to support responsive and sustainable digital governance.]]>
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